I would think it's more a supply/demand thing as previously stated. When a new tire size is made, and especially up around the 22" and 24" realm, you not only pay for the tire, but have to pay a portion for the engineering, the machining, the tooling, etc.... They need to make new lines to make a small amount of tires = expensive.
Don't forget, you're talking about centrifugal forces and lateral strains here. The bigger the tire, the more rubber, the more it weighs, and the easier it flexes sideways and the more the centrifugal forces make it want to blow apart. All that needs to be considered in the design of bigger tires and therefore additional technology, strengthening, and new procedures need to be developed.
As the prominence of larger tires spreads, don't expect the prices to come down, either. Have 17" tires gotten cheaper than when we all had 15" wheels? I think not. Time, inflation, world issues, price of fossil fuels... it all plays into the equation of "You gotta pay to play"....
